R-22, commonly known as Freon, was the standard refrigerant used in air conditioning systems for decades. However, Freon emits hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) gases that contribute to global warming and deplete the ozone layer. As a result, its phase-out began in 2010, and the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act of 2020 mandated that it no longer be used in HVAC production. Starting in 2025, Indiana homeowners will face changes to refrigerant requirements, with a focus on more environmentally friendly options. Below, we explore what these changes mean for homeowners in Indiana moving forward.
R-454B vs. Other Refrigerants
As previously noted, R-22 has not been manufactured since 2020 due to its environmental impact. R-410A, also known as Puron, became a popular alternative but will also be phased out by 2025 due to its high-pressure operation, which increases the risk of refrigerant leaks during maintenance and repairs.
R-454B, the newest refrigerant, gradually replaces R-22 and R-410A. It offers a significant environmental advantage, with more than 75% lower global warming potential (GWP) compared to both R-22 and R-410A, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, R-454B is an A2L refrigerant, meaning it is slightly flammable, whereas R-410A is classified as an A1 refrigerant, indicating it is non-flammable.
Which HVAC Systems Use Refrigerant?
Refrigerant plays a crucial role in various HVAC systems, including air conditioners, ductless mini-splits, and heat pumps, by transferring heat to cool your home. From 2025 onwards, all newly manufactured HVAC units will be required to use the new refrigerants. Units produced before 2025 will have a grace period for installation until January 1, 2026. Additionally, A2L refrigerants will require HVAC system redesigns to meet safety standards for toxicity and flammability.
Why Is HVAC Equipment More Expensive?
SEER2 and HSPF2 efficiency standards promote better environmental impact; however, these requirements lead to higher upfront manufacturing, distribution, and consumer costs. In addition, raw material prices, supply chain disruptions, higher consumer demand, and labor shortages contribute to higher expenses due to refrigerant changes. In addition to the rise in costs for equipment, refrigerant changes may also hinder repair and maintenance for older units that rely on R-22 as the necessary resources will be limited and costlier to access.
What Does the Refrigerant Change Mean for Homeowners?
The refrigerant changes are designed to combat climate change by promoting more sustainable, eco-friendly practices and reducing your carbon footprint. The improved energy efficiency of R-454B will enhance system performance and help lower your monthly energy bills. Upgrading your unit sooner rather than later can prevent costly replacements in the future.
Tips for Maintaining Your Existing HVAC System
If your current HVAC system isn’t nearing the end of its lifespan, proper maintenance can help avoid repairs and extend its longevity. Here are a few DIY tips:
- Regularly replace air filters
- Clear out vents and registers
- Monitor refrigerant levels
- Listen out for unusual noises
- Schedule routine maintenance
Savannah Woodell 
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